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BBC BASIC Reference Manual

Referenced Index of Contents

• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 1: Chapter 1: About the BBC BASIC Reference Manual
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 1: Chapter 2: About BBC BASIC
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 3: Command mode
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 4: Simple programming
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 5: Variables and expressions
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 6: Numeric variables
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 7: Bases
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 8: String variables
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 9: Arrays
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 10: Outputting text
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 11: Inputting data
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 12: Control statements
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 13: Procedures and functions
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 14: Data and command files
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 15: Screen modes
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 16: Simple graphics
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 17: Complex graphics
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 18: Graphic patterns
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 19: Viewports
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 20: Sprites
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 21: Teletext mode
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 22: Sound
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 23: Accessing memory locations
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 24: Error handling and debugging
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 25: VDU control
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 26: Editing BASIC files
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 3: Chapter 27: Keywords
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 28: Appendix A - Numeric implementation
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 29: Appendix B - Minimum abbreviations
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 30: Appendix C - Error messages
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 31: Appendix D - Inkey values
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 32: Appendix E - Colour modes
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 33: Appendix F - Plot codes
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 34: Appendix G - VDU commands
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 35: Appendix H - *FX commands
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 36: Appendix I - BBC BASIC's history
• BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 37: Appendix J - ARM assembler
• BBC BASIC Manual: Copyright

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 1: Chapter 1: About the BBC BASIC Reference Manual

• About the BBC BASIC Reference Manual
  • Intended readership
  • Structure of the manual
  • Conventions used in this manual

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 1: Chapter 2: About BBC BASIC

• About BBC BASIC
  • What is BASIC VI?
  • Why use BASIC VI?
  • The BASIC interpreter
  • Window managed programs
    • Commands to avoid

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 3: Command mode

• Command mode
  • Entering BASIC
    • BASIC V
      • From RISC OS 2.00
      • From RISC OS 3
    • BASIC VI
  • Leaving BASIC
  • Command mode

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 4: Simple programming

• Simple programming
  • Entering a program
  • Altering a program
    • Replacing and adding lines
    • Altering a single line in a program
    • Deleting lines
  • Deleting whole programs
  • Numbering lines in a program
    • Automatic line numbering
    • Starting a program from a particular line
  • Listing long programs
    • Listing sections of programs
    • Halting listings from the command line
  • Comments
  • Multiple statements
  • Saving and recalling programs
    • Saving and loading a program from Edit (RISC OS 3)
    • Saving a program from the command line
    • Loading a program from the command line

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 5: Variables and expressions

• Variables and expressions
  • Types of variables
    • Naming variables

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 6: Numeric variables

• Numeric variables
  • Integers and floating point numbers
    • Assigning values to variables
  • Special integer variables
  • Arithmetic operators

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 7: Bases

• Bases
  • Hexadecimal numbers
  • Binary numbers and bits
  • Shift operators
    • Shift left
    • Shift right (unsigned)
    • Shift right (signed)
    • Left shift as multiplication
    • Right shift as division
  • AND, OR and EOR
  • TRUE and FALSE
    • With AND
    • With OR
    • With EOR

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 8: String variables

• String variables
  • Assigning values to string variables
  • Joining strings together
  • Splitting strings
    • Other keywords for manipulating strings
  • How characters are represented
  • Converting between strings and numbers
    • VAL
    • EVAL
    • STR$

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 9: Arrays

• Arrays
  • The DIM statement
  • Two dimensional arrays
  • Finding the size of an array
  • Operating on whole arrays
  • Array operations

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 10: Outputting text

• Outputting text
  • Print formatting
    • Using print separators
    • Printing numbers
    • Defining fields
    • Using @% to alter output
      • Using the 1.05 interpreter
      • Using the 1.04 interpreter
  • The text cursor
    • Text cursor coordinates
    • Altering the position of the text cursor
    • The VDU statement
  • Defining your own characters

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 11: Inputting data

• Inputting data
  • Inputting data from the keyboard
    • INPUT
    • GET and GET$
    • INKEY and INKEY$
  • Including data as part of a program
  • Programming the keyboard
    • Waiting for input
    • Using the Tab & cursor keys to get ASCII code
    • Scanning the keyboard
  • Using the mouse in programs
    • Linking the mouse to a pointer
  • Programming function keys
    • Storing a series of commands
    • Storing a small BASIC program
    • Using other keys as additional function keys
    • Symbols in function key strings

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 12: Control statements

• Control statements
  • IF... THEN... ELSE
  • Operators
    • Relational operators
      • Numbers
      • Strings
      • String comparison
    • Logical operators (on TRUE and FALSE values)
  • IF... THEN... ELSE... ENDIF
  • FOR... NEXT
    • Assign the initial value to the control variable.
  • REPEAT... UNTIL
  • WHILE... ENDWHILE
  • CASE... OF... WHEN... OTHERWISE... ENDCASE
  • GOTO
  • GOSUB... RETURN
  • ON... GOTO/GOSUB

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 13: Procedures and functions

• Procedures and functions
  • Defining and calling procedures
  • Parameters and local variables
    • Local variables
    • Declaring local variables
    • Value-result parameter passing
      • Arrays passed by reference
    • LOCAL DATA and LOCAL errors
  • ON... PROC
  • Recursive procedures
  • Functions
  • Function and procedure libraries
    • Loading a library into memory
      • Overlaying
    • Building your own libraries

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 14: Data and command files

• Data and command files
  • Data files
    • Creating a data file
    • Writing information to a data file
    • Closing a data file
    • Reading data from a file
  • Writing or reading single bytes
  • Writing or reading ASCII strings
  • Command files
    • Executing a command file

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 15: Screen modes

• Screen modes
  • Changing screen modes
  • Shadow modes
    • Using the shadow bank
  • Text size
    • Changing text size
  • Graphics resolution
  • Colour modes
    • 256-colour modes
  • Changing colours
  • Changing the colour palette
    • Changing the shade of the colour
      • Returning to the default colour settings
    • Experimenting with colour
  • 256-colour modes
    • About colour numbers
    • The TINT keyword
    • Displaying 256 shades
  • Using the screen under the Wimp

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 16: Simple graphics

• Simple graphics
  • The graphics screen
  • The point command
  • The line command
  • Rectangle and rectangle fill
  • Circle and circle fill
  • Ellipse and ellipse fill
  • Graphics colours
  • The graphics cursor
  • Relative coordinates and BY
  • Printing text at the graphics cursor

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 17: Complex graphics

• Complex graphics
  • Plotting simple lines
    • Dot-dash lines
    • Triangles
    • Rectangles
    • Parallelograms
    • Circles
  • Ellipses
  • Arcs
  • Sectors
  • Segments

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 18: Graphic patterns

• Graphic patterns
  • Default patterns
  • Plotting using pattern fills
  • Defining your own patterns
  • Native mode patterns
    • Two-colour modes
    • Four-colour modes
    • 16-colour modes
    • 256-colour modes
  • BBC Master 128 mode patterns
    • Two-colour modes
    • Four-colour modes
    • 16-colour modes
  • Giant patterns
  • Simple patterns
  • Flood-fills
    • Flood to non-background
    • Flood until foreground
  • Copying and moving

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 19: Viewports

• Viewports
  • Text viewports
  • Graphics viewports

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 20: Sprites

• Sprites
  • Loading a user sprite
  • Plotting a user sprite

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 21: Teletext mode

• Teletext mode
  • Coloured text
  • Making text flash
  • Double-height text
  • Changing the background colour
  • Teletext graphics
    • Outlining blocks of colour
    • Placing blocks of colour next to each other

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 22: Sound

• Sound
  • Activating the sound system
  • Selecting sound channels
  • Allocating a wave-form to each voice
  • Setting the stereo position
  • Creating a note
    • Channel
    • Setting the volume
    • Pitch
    • Duration of sound
  • Synchronising the channels
  • Finding the value of the current beat
  • Finding the current tempo
  • Executing a sound on a beat
    • Synchronising sounds

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 23: Accessing memory locations

• Accessing memory locations
  • Reserving a block of memory
  • The '?' indirection operator
  • The '!' indirection operator
  • The '|' indirection operator
  • The '$' indirection operator

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 24: Error handling and debugging

• Error handling and debugging
  • Trapping an error
  • Turning off the error handler
  • Generating errors
  • External errors
  • Local error handling
    • Trapping an error; procedures & functions
    • Restoring the previous error handler
  • Debugging
    • Stopping execution of the program
    • Tracing the path through the program

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 25: VDU control

• VDU control
  • VDU 0
  • VDU 1
  • VDU 2
  • VDU 3
  • VDU 4
  • VDU 5
  • VDU 6
  • VDU 7
  • VDU 8
  • VDU 9
  • VDU 10
  • VDU 11
  • VDU 12
  • VDU 13
  • VDU 14
  • VDU 15
  • VDU 16
  • VDU 17,n
  • VDU 18,k,c
  • VDU 19,1,p,r,g,b
  • VDU 20
  • VDU 21
  • VDU 21
  • VDU 23,p1,p2,p3,p4, p5,p6,p7,p8,p9
  • VDU 23,0,n,m|
  • VDU 23,1,n|
  • VDU 23,2 to 5,n1,n2 n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
  • VDU 23,6,n1,n2,n3, n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
  • VDU 23,7,m,d,z|
  • VDU 23,8,t1,t2,x1,y1,x2,y2;0;
  • VDU 23,9,n| / VDU 23,10,n|
  • VDU 23,11|
  • VDU 23,12 to 15,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
  • VDU 23,16,n|
  • VDU 23,17,n,m|
  • VDU23,18 to 24,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
  • VDU 23,25,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
  • VDU 23,26,h,s,p1,p2,s1,s2,0,0 <font name>
  • VDU 23,7,m,n|
  • VDU 23,28 to 30,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
  • VDU 23,32 to 255,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8
  • VDU 24,x1;y1;x2;y2
  • VDU 25,k,x;y;
  • VDU 26
  • VDU 27
  • VDU 28,lx,by,rx,ty
  • VDU 29,x;y;
  • VDU 30
  • VDU 31,x,y

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 2: Chapter 26: Editing BASIC files

• Editing BASIC files
  • Editing BASIC files under RISC OS 3
    • Using Edit to write and edit BASIC programs
      • Writing a new program
      • Editing an existing program
      • Icon bar menu
      • Converting to a tokenised file
      • Printing a BASIC program
  • Editing BASIC files under RISC OS 2
    • Entering the editor
      • Leaving the editor
    • The BASIC screen
      • The status line
      • Moving the cursor
      • Changing a line
      • Adding a line
      • Inserting lines
      • Deleting text
      • Long lines
    • Saving and loading programs
      • Saving a program
      • Loading a program
      • Appending a program
    • Seeing other parts of your program
      • Moving vertically
      • Moving horizontally
      • Using two windows
    • Renumbering the program
    • Further editing functions
      • Swapping case
      • Undoing changes to a line
      • Splitting and joining lines
      • Repeating a line
    • Marking a line
      • Placing the marker line
      • Finding a marker
    • Line command
      • Deleting lines
      • Moving a block
      • Copying lines
      • Denoting limits
      • Justifying text
      • Removing line commands
      • Things to notice about line commands
    • Searching and replacing
      • Search and edit
      • Search
      • Global replace
      • Selective replace
      • Next match & previous match
    • Keyboard options
      • The Tab key
      • Auto indentation
      • Insert mode and overtype mode
    • Wildcard options
    • Mode and colours
    • User-defined keys
    • Full use of windows
      • Input windows
      • Information windows
      • Entering data
    • Keyboard summary
      • Editing keys
      • Function keys
      • Function keys with Shift
      • Function keys with Ctrl
    • Error messages

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 3: Chapter 27: Keywords

• Keywords
  • *BASIC
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • *BASIC64
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • ABS
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Example
  • ACS
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • ADVAL
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Example
  • AND
    • Syntax
    • Operands
    • Result
    • Examples
  • APPEND
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • ASC
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • ASN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • ATN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • AUTO
    • Syntax
    • Parameters
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • BEAT
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Example
  • BEATS
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Result (2)
    • Examples
  • BGET #
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • BPUT #
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Arguments (2)
    • Examples
  • BY
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • CALL
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Purpose
    • Format of the CALL parameter block
      • VARIND
      • STOREA
      • STSTORE
      • LVBLNK
      • CREATE
      • EXPR
      • MATCH
      • TOKENADDR
      • FSTA
      • FLDA
      • FADD/FMUL
      • FSUB/FDIV
      • FLOAT
      • FIX
      • FSQRT
      • BBC/Master compatible calls
    • Examples
  • CASE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • CHAIN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • CHR$
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • CIRCLE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • CLEAR
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
  • CLG
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • CLOSE #
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • CLS
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • COLOUR (COLOR)
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Arguments (2)
    • Arguments (3)
    • Examples
  • COS
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • COUNT
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • CRUNCH
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Restrictions
    • Examples
  • DATA
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • DEF
    • Syntax
    • Parameters (1) and (2)
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • DEG
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • DELETE
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • DIM
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Argument (3)
    • Argument (4)
    • Examples
  • DIV
    • Syntax
    • Operands
    • Result
    • Examples
  • DRAW
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • EDIT
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
  • ELLIPSE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • ELSE
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • END
    • Syntax
    • Purpose (1)
    • Purpose (2)
      • Restrictions on the use of END=
    • Purpose (3)
    • Examples
  • ENDCASE
    • Syntax
  • ENDIF
    • Syntax
  • ENDPROC
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • ENDWHILE
    • Syntax
    • Example
  • EOF #
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • EOR
    • Syntax
    • Operands
    • Result
    • Examples
  • ERL
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • ERR
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • ERROR
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (2)
    • Examples
  • EVAL
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • EXP
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Example
  • EXT#
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Result
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • FALSE
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • FILL
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • FN
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • FOR
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • GCOL
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • GET
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • GET$#
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • GET$
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • GOSUB
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • GOTO
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • HELP
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • HIMEM
    • Syntax
    • Result (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • IF
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Arguments (2)
    • Examples
  • INKEY
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Result
    • Argument (2)
    • Result
    • Argument (3)
    • Result
    • Examples
  • INKEY$
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Example
  • INPUT
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • INPUT LINE
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Example
  • INPUT#
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • INSTALL
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • INSTR
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • INT
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • LEFT$
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Result
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • LEN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • LET
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • LIBRARY
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • LINE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • LINE INPUT
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Example
  • LIST
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • LISTO
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • LN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • LOAD
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • LOCAL
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Argument (3)
    • Examples
  • LOG
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Example
  • LOMEM
    • Syntax
    • Result (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • LVAR
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
  • MID$
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Result
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • MOD
    • Syntax (1)
    • Arguments
    • Result
    • Syntax (2)
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • MODE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Result (2)
    • Examples
  • MOUSE
    • Syntax (1)
    • Syntax (2)
    • Syntax (3)
    • Syntax (4)
    • Syntax (5)
    • Syntax (6)
    • Syntax (7)
    • Examples
  • MOVE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • NEW
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
  • NEXT
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • NOT
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • OF
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • OFF
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • OLD
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
  • ON
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Example
  • ON ERROR
    • Syntax
      • Use (1)
      • Use (2)
    • Examples
  • OPENIN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • OPENOUT
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • OPENUP
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • OR
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • ORIGIN
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Example
  • OSCLI
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • OTHERWISE
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • PAGE
    • Syntax
    • Result (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Example
  • PI
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • PLOT
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • POINT
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Arguments (2)
    • Examples
  • POINT
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Result
    • Example
  • POS
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • PRINT
    • Syntax
    • Formatting numbers
    • Setting @% using the 1.05 interpreter
    • Examples of @%
    • Setting @% using the 1.04 interpreter
    • Examples of @%
    • Examples
  • PRINT#
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Example
  • PROC
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Argument (3)
    • Examples
  • PTR#
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Result
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • QUIT
    • Syntax
    • Purpose (1)
    • Purpose (2)
  • RAD
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • READ
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • RECTANGLE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Purpose
    • Arguments (2)
    • Purpose
    • Purpose (3)
    • Examples
  • REM
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Example
  • RENUMBER
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • REPEAT
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • REPORT
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • REPORT$
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • RESTORE
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Purpose (2)
    • Examples
  • RESTORE ERROR
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • RETURN
    • Syntax
    • Purpose (1)
    • Purpose (2)
    • Examples
  • RIGHT$
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Result
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • RND
    • Syntax (1)
    • Result
    • Syntax (2)
    • Result
    • Examples
  • RUN
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
  • SAVE
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • SGN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • SIN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • SOUND
    • Syntax
    • Purpose (1) and (2)
    • Arguments (3)
      • Channel
      • Amplitude
      • Pitch
      • Duration
      • Delay
    • Examples
  • SPC
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • SQR
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • STEREO
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • STOP
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Example
  • STR$
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • STRING$
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Result
    • Examples
  • SUM
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • SUMLEN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • SWAP
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • SYS
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • TAB
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples
  • TAN
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Examples
  • TEMPO
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Result (2)
    • Examples
  • TEXTLOAD
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • TEXTSAVE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1)
    • Arguments (2)
    • Examples
  • THEN
    • Syntax
    • Examples
  • TIME
    • Syntax
    • Result (1)
    • Arguments (2)
    • Examples
  • TIME$
    • Syntax
    • Result (1)
    • Result (2)
    • Examples
  • TINT
    • Syntax
    • Arguments (1) and (2)
    • Arguments (3)
    • Result (4)
    • Examples
  • TOP
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Example
  • TRACE
    • Syntax
    • Argument (1)
    • Argument (5)
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • TRUE
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • TWIN
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
  • UNTIL
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Examples
  • USR
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Example
  • VAL
    • Syntax
    • Argument
    • Result
    • Example
  • VDU
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • VOICES
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • VPOS
    • Syntax
    • Result
    • Examples
  • WAIT
    • Syntax
    • Purpose
    • Examples
  • WHEN
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • WHILE
    • Syntax
    • Arguments
    • Examples
  • WIDTH
    • Syntax
    • Result (1)
    • Argument (2)
    • Examples

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 28: Appendix A - Numeric implementation

• Appendix A - Numeric implementation
  • Numeric types
    • Integers
    • Floating point numbers
    • Fixed point numbers
  • Effects of storage size
    • Range
    • Accuracy
  • What is floating point arithmetic?
  • Implementation
    • Floating point emulator
    • Floating point coprocessor

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 29: Appendix B - Minimum abbreviations

• Appendix B - Minimum abbreviations

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 30: Appendix C - Error messages

• Appendix C - Error messages

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 31: Appendix D - Inkey values

• Appendix D - Inkey values

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 32: Appendix E - Colour modes

• Appendix E - Colour modes
  • Two-colour mode
  • Four-colour modes
  • 16-colour modes

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 33: Appendix F - Plot codes

• Appendix F - Plot codes

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 34: Appendix G - VDU commands

• Appendix G - VDU commands

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 35: Appendix H - *FX commands

• Appendix H - *FX commands

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 36: Appendix I - BBC BASIC's history

• Appendix I - BBC BASIC's history
  • BASIC I
  • BASIC II
  • BASIC III
  • BASIC IV
  • BASIC V, version 1.04
  • BASIC V, version 1.05
  • BASIC VI, version 1.05
  • BASIC II improvements
    • New keywords and features
    • Bug fixes
  • BASIC III improvements
  • BASIC IV improvements
  • BASIC V version 1.04 improvements
  • BASIC V version 1.05 improvements
  • BASIC VI version 1.05 improvements

BBC BASIC Manual: Part 4: Chapter 37: Appendix J - ARM assembler

• Appendix J - ARM assembler
  • Finding out more
  • Using the BASIC assembler
    • Initialising external variables
    • Reserving memory space for the machine code
    • Memory pointers
    • Implementing passes
    • The OPT directive
  • Saving machine code to file
  • Executing a machine code program
    • From memory
    • From file
  • Format of assembly language statements
  • Registers
  • Condition codes
  • The instruction set
    • Moves
      • Syntax:
      • Examples:
    • Arithmetic and logical instructions
      • Syntax:
      • Examples:
    • Comparisons
      • Syntax:
      • Example
    • Multiply instructions
      • Syntax:
      • Examples:
    • Branching instructions
      • Syntax:
      • Example:
      • Example:
    • Single register load/save instructions
      • Syntax:
      • Address given by registers
      • Address given as an expression
      • Options
      • Using the program counter
    • Multiple load/save instructions
      • Syntax:
      • Examples:
      • Using the base register
      • Using the program counter
    • SWI instruction
      • Syntax:

BBC BASIC Manual: Copyright